>Isn't this just a case where the male and female gametes are sufficiently compatible that a fruit forms (not much of a feat -- plenty of plants produce sterile/seedless without ever being fertilized), but the male and female gametes are not sufficiently compatible to fertilize hence no seed >forms? >>> Snip There's other possibilties, too hot or too cold or too dry for proper germination Some folks claim that excess nitrogen will affect germination. Or many plants have a few deformed pods, Nature isn't perfect. L.B.